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The distinction between source
and target language

The source language is the language in which the original text is written, while the target language is the language into which the text is translated. There can often be a difference between the number of words in the source text and that of the target text. This is what we call the expansion rate. This expansion rate must be taken into account when creating the format for publication of the translated text (particularly when these documents are to be published in several languages).

The distinction between source and target text really becomes clear when the translator is finalising a translation strategy. The philosopher, Jean-René Ladmiral, was the first to talk about “source” translators and “target” translators. In the first case, the translator will try to retain the mark of the original language in his target text, while in contrast, in the second case, the target translator will try to produce a text that perfectly represents accepted usage in the target language and the readership for which the translation is intended.

Below are some examples of expansion rates between various foreign languages and French:

-English to French: from 15 to 20 % more words

-Spanish/Italian to French: 5 % more words

-German/Dutch to French: 40 % more words

-Swedish/Norwegian to French: 30 % more words

 

It is, however, important to remember that this rate may vary depending on the subject matter of the translation.

For example, a translation from English to French in the field of physics will lead to an expansion rate of about 7% more words, while a translation from French to English in the field of economics will entail an expansion rate of almost 11% more words.

This rate must be taken into account before doing a translation.

 

For further information, please refer to our Translation page.